An ISP is the company that provides your internet connection — assigns your public IP, routes your traffic, and often enforces country-level blocking policies.
Explanation
Consumer ISPs (Comcast, Vodafone, Jio, Telkomsel) are the gateway between your device and the rest of the internet. They see every domain you look up via DNS, every IP you connect to, and every unencrypted request. HTTPS hides request contents but not destination IPs or TLS SNI. ISPs implement country-level blocklists (via DNS or IP filtering) when regulators demand. They are also the highest-fidelity source of traffic patterns for law enforcement and civil litigation. Using a proxy or VPN hides destinations from the ISP but does not hide that you connected to the proxy/VPN endpoint. In heavily filtered countries, connections to known VPN provider IPs are themselves suspicious.
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